# =================================================================== # # Copyright (c) 2014, Legrandin <helderijs@gmail.com> # All rights reserved. # # Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without # modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions # are met: # # 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright # notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. # 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright # notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in # the documentation and/or other materials provided with the # distribution. # # THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS # "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT # LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS # FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE # COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, # INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, # BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; # LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER # CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT # LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN # ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE # POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. # =================================================================== """ Synthetic Initialization Vector (SIV) mode. """ __all__ = ['SivMode'] from binascii import hexlify, unhexlify from Crypto.Util.py3compat import bord, _copy_bytes from Crypto.Util._raw_api import is_buffer from Crypto.Util.number import long_to_bytes, bytes_to_long from Crypto.Protocol.KDF import _S2V from Crypto.Hash import BLAKE2s from Crypto.Random import get_random_bytes class SivMode(object): """Synthetic Initialization Vector (SIV). This is an Authenticated Encryption with Associated Data (`AEAD`_) mode. It provides both confidentiality and authenticity. The header of the message may be left in the clear, if needed, and it will still be subject to authentication. The decryption step tells the receiver if the message comes from a source that really knowns the secret key. Additionally, decryption detects if any part of the message - including the header - has been modified or corrupted. Unlike other AEAD modes such as CCM, EAX or GCM, accidental reuse of a nonce is not catastrophic for the confidentiality of the message. The only effect is that an attacker can tell when the same plaintext (and same associated data) is protected with the same key. The length of the MAC is fixed to the block size of the underlying cipher. The key size is twice the length of the key of the underlying cipher. This mode is only available for AES ciphers. +--------------------+---------------+-------------------+ | Cipher | SIV MAC size | SIV key length | | | (bytes) | (bytes) | +====================+===============+===================+ | AES-128 | 16 | 32 | +--------------------+---------------+-------------------+ | AES-192 | 16 | 48 | +--------------------+---------------+-------------------+ | AES-256 | 16 | 64 | +--------------------+---------------+-------------------+ See `RFC5297`_ and the `original paper`__. .. _RFC5297: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5297 .. _AEAD: http://blog.cryptographyengineering.com/2012/05/how-to-choose-authenticated-encryption.html .. __: http://www.cs.ucdavis.edu/~rogaway/papers/keywrap.pdf :undocumented: __init__ """ def __init__(self, factory, key, nonce, kwargs): self.block_size = factory.block_size """The block size of the underlying cipher, in bytes.""" self._factory = factory self._cipher_params = kwargs if len(key) not in (32, 48, 64): raise ValueError("Incorrect key length (%d bytes)" % len(key)) if nonce is not None: if not is_buffer(nonce): raise TypeError("When provided, the nonce must be bytes, bytearray or memoryview") if len(nonce) == 0: raise ValueError("When provided, the nonce must be non-empty") self.nonce = _copy_bytes(None, None, nonce) """Public attribute is only available in case of non-deterministic encryption.""" subkey_size = len(key) // 2 self._mac_tag = None # Cache for MAC tag self._kdf = _S2V(key[:subkey_size], ciphermod=factory, cipher_params=self._cipher_params) self._subkey_cipher = key[subkey_size:] # Purely for the purpose of verifying that cipher_params are OK factory.new(key[:subkey_size], factory.MODE_ECB, **kwargs) # Allowed transitions after initialization self._next = ["update", "encrypt", "decrypt", "digest", "verify"] def _create_ctr_cipher(self, v): """Create a new CTR cipher from V in SIV mode""" v_int = bytes_to_long(v) q = v_int & 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF7FFFFFFF7FFFFFFF return self._factory.new( self._subkey_cipher, self._factory.MODE_CTR, initial_value=q, nonce=b"", **self._cipher_params) def update(self, component): """Protect one associated data component For SIV, the associated data is a sequence (*vector*) of non-empty byte strings (*components*). This method consumes the next component. It must be called once for each of the components that constitue the associated data. Note that the components have clear boundaries, so that: >>> cipher.update(b"builtin") >>> cipher.update(b"securely") is not equivalent to: >>> cipher.update(b"built") >>> cipher.update(b"insecurely") If there is no associated data, this method must not be called. :Parameters: component : bytes/bytearray/memoryview The next associated data component. """ if "update" not in self._next: raise TypeError("update() can only be called" " immediately after initialization") self._next = ["update", "encrypt", "decrypt", "digest", "verify"] return self._kdf.update(component) def encrypt(self, plaintext): """ For SIV, encryption and MAC authentication must take place at the same point. This method shall not be used. Use `encrypt_and_digest` instead. """ raise TypeError("encrypt() not allowed for SIV mode." " Use encrypt_and_digest() instead.") def decrypt(self, ciphertext): """ For SIV, decryption and verification must take place at the same point. This method shall not be used. Use `decrypt_and_verify` instead. """ raise TypeError("decrypt() not allowed for SIV mode." " Use decrypt_and_verify() instead.") def digest(self): """Compute the *binary* MAC tag. The caller invokes this function at the very end. This method returns the MAC that shall be sent to the receiver, together with the ciphertext. :Return: the MAC, as a byte string. """ if "digest" not in self._next: raise TypeError("digest() cannot be called when decrypting" " or validating a message") self._next = ["digest"] if self._mac_tag is None: self._mac_tag = self._kdf.derive() return self._mac_tag def hexdigest(self): """Compute the *printable* MAC tag. This method is like `digest`. :Return: the MAC, as a hexadecimal string. """ return "".join(["%02x" % bord(x) for x in self.digest()]) def verify(self, received_mac_tag): """Validate the *binary* MAC tag. The caller invokes this function at the very end. This method checks if the decrypted message is indeed valid (that is, if the key is correct) and it has not been tampered with while in transit. :Parameters: received_mac_tag : bytes/bytearray/memoryview This is the *binary* MAC, as received from the sender. :Raises ValueError: if the MAC does not match. The message has been tampered with or the key is incorrect. """ if "verify" not in self._next: raise TypeError("verify() cannot be called" " when encrypting a message") self._next = ["verify"] if self._mac_tag is None: self._mac_tag = self._kdf.derive() secret = get_random_bytes(16) mac1 = BLAKE2s.new(digest_bits=160, key=secret, data=self._mac_tag) mac2 = BLAKE2s.new(digest_bits=160, key=secret, data=received_mac_tag) if mac1.digest() != mac2.digest(): raise ValueError("MAC check failed") def hexverify(self, hex_mac_tag): """Validate the *printable* MAC tag. This method is like `verify`. :Parameters: hex_mac_tag : string This is the *printable* MAC, as received from the sender. :Raises ValueError: if the MAC does not match. The message has been tampered with or the key is incorrect. """ self.verify(unhexlify(hex_mac_tag)) def encrypt_and_digest(self, plaintext, output=None): """Perform encrypt() and digest() in one step. :Parameters: plaintext : bytes/bytearray/memoryview The piece of data to encrypt. :Keywords: output : bytearray/memoryview The location where the ciphertext must be written to. If ``None``, the ciphertext is returned. :Return: a tuple with two items: - the ciphertext, as ``bytes`` - the MAC tag, as ``bytes`` The first item becomes ``None`` when the ``output`` parameter specified a location for the result. """ if "encrypt" not in self._next: raise TypeError("encrypt() can only be called after" " initialization or an update()") self._next = ["digest"] # Compute V (MAC) if hasattr(self, 'nonce'): self._kdf.update(self.nonce) self._kdf.update(plaintext) self._mac_tag = self._kdf.derive() cipher = self._create_ctr_cipher(self._mac_tag) return cipher.encrypt(plaintext, output=output), self._mac_tag def decrypt_and_verify(self, ciphertext, mac_tag, output=None): """Perform decryption and verification in one step. A cipher object is stateful: once you have decrypted a message you cannot decrypt (or encrypt) another message with the same object. You cannot reuse an object for encrypting or decrypting other data with the same key. This function does not remove any padding from the plaintext. :Parameters: ciphertext : bytes/bytearray/memoryview The piece of data to decrypt. It can be of any length. mac_tag : bytes/bytearray/memoryview This is the *binary* MAC, as received from the sender. :Keywords: output : bytearray/memoryview The location where the plaintext must be written to. If ``None``, the plaintext is returned. :Return: the plaintext as ``bytes`` or ``None`` when the ``output`` parameter specified a location for the result. :Raises ValueError: if the MAC does not match. The message has been tampered with or the key is incorrect. """ if "decrypt" not in self._next: raise TypeError("decrypt() can only be called" " after initialization or an update()") self._next = ["verify"] # Take the MAC and start the cipher for decryption self._cipher = self._create_ctr_cipher(mac_tag) plaintext = self._cipher.decrypt(ciphertext, output=output) if hasattr(self, 'nonce'): self._kdf.update(self.nonce) self._kdf.update(plaintext if output is None else output) self.verify(mac_tag) return plaintext def _create_siv_cipher(factory, **kwargs): """Create a new block cipher, configured in Synthetic Initializaton Vector (SIV) mode. :Parameters: factory : object A symmetric cipher module from `Crypto.Cipher` (like `Crypto.Cipher.AES`). :Keywords: key : bytes/bytearray/memoryview The secret key to use in the symmetric cipher. It must be 32, 48 or 64 bytes long. If AES is the chosen cipher, the variants *AES-128*, *AES-192* and or *AES-256* will be used internally. nonce : bytes/bytearray/memoryview For deterministic encryption, it is not present. Otherwise, it is a value that must never be reused for encrypting message under this key. There are no restrictions on its length, but it is recommended to use at least 16 bytes. """ try: key = kwargs.pop("key") except KeyError as e: raise TypeError("Missing parameter: " + str(e)) nonce = kwargs.pop("nonce", None) return SivMode(factory, key, nonce, kwargs)