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.hide-on-print{display:none!important} .print-only{display:block!important} .hide-for-print{display:none!important} .show-for-print{display:inherit!important}} @media print,amzn-kf8{#header>h1:first-child{margin-top:1.25rem} .sect1{padding:0!important} .sect1+.sect1{border:0} #footer{background:none} #footer-text{color:rgba(0,0,0,.6);font-size:.9em}} @media amzn-kf8{#header,#content,#footnotes,#footer{padding:0}} </style> <style> pre>code { display: inline; } </style> </head> <body class="manpage"> <div id="header"> <h1>gitformat-signature(5) Manual Page</h1> <h2 id="_name">NAME</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <p>gitformat-signature - Git cryptographic signature formats</p> </div> </div> <div id="content"> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="verseblock"> <pre class="content"><[tag|commit] object header(s)> <over-the-wire protocol></pre> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Git uses cryptographic signatures in various places, currently objects (tags, commits, mergetags) and transactions (pushes). In every case, the command which is about to create an object or transaction determines a payload from that, calls an external program to obtain a detached signature for the payload (<code>gpg -bsa</code> in the case of PGP signatures), and embeds the signature into the object or transaction.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Signatures begin with an "ASCII Armor" header line and end with a tail line, which differ depending on signature type (as selected by <code>gpg.format</code>, see <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>). These are, for <code>gpg.format</code> values:</p> </div> <div class="dlist"> <dl> <dt class="hdlist1"><code>gpg</code> (PGP)</dt> <dd> <p><code>-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----</code> and <code>-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----</code>. Or, if gpg is told to produce RFC1991 signatures, <code>-----BEGIN PGP MESSAGE-----</code> and <code>-----END PGP MESSAGE-----</code></p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"><code>ssh</code> (SSH)</dt> <dd> <p><code>-----BEGIN SSH SIGNATURE-----</code> and <code>-----END SSH SIGNATURE-----</code></p> </dd> <dt class="hdlist1"><code>x509</code> (X.509)</dt> <dd> <p><code>-----BEGIN SIGNED MESSAGE-----</code> and <code>-----END SIGNED MESSAGE-----</code></p> </dd> </dl> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Signatures sometimes appear as a part of the normal payload (e.g. a signed tag has the signature block appended after the payload that the signature applies to), and sometimes appear in the value of an object header (e.g. a merge commit that merged a signed tag would have the entire tag contents on its "mergetag" header). In the case of the latter, the usual multi-line formatting rule for object headers applies. I.e. the second and subsequent lines are prefixed with a SP to signal that the line is continued from the previous line.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>This is even true for an originally empty line. In the following examples, the end of line that ends with a whitespace letter is highlighted with a <code>$</code> sign; if you are trying to recreate these example by hand, do not cut and paste them—​they are there primarily to highlight extra whitespace at the end of some lines.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>The signed payload and the way the signature is embedded depends on the type of the object resp. transaction.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_tag_signatures">Tag signatures</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="ulist"> <ul> <li> <p>created by: <code>git tag -s</code></p> </li> <li> <p>payload: annotated tag object</p> </li> <li> <p>embedding: append the signature to the unsigned tag object</p> </li> <li> <p>example: tag <code>signedtag</code> with subject <code>signed tag</code></p> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre>object 04b871796dc0420f8e7561a895b52484b701d51a type commit tag signedtag tagger C O Mitter <committer@example.com> 1465981006 +0000 signed tag signed tag message body -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- Version: GnuPG v1 iQEcBAABAgAGBQJXYRhOAAoJEGEJLoW3InGJklkIAIcnhL7RwEb/+QeX9enkXhxn rxfdqrvWd1K80sl2TOt8Bg/NYwrUBw/RWJ+sg/hhHp4WtvE1HDGHlkEz3y11Lkuh 8tSxS3qKTxXUGozyPGuE90sJfExhZlW4knIQ1wt/yWqM+33E9pN4hzPqLwyrdods q8FWEqPPUbSJXoMbRPw04S5jrLtZSsUWbRYjmJCHzlhSfFWW4eFd37uquIaLUBS0 rkC3Jrx7420jkIpgFcTI2s60uhSQLzgcCwdA2ukSYIRnjg/zDkj8+3h/GaROJ72x lZyI6HWixKJkWw8lE9aAOD9TmTW9sFJwcVAzmAuFX2kUreDUKMZduGcoRYGpD7E= =jpXa -----END PGP SIGNATURE-----</pre> </div> </div> <div class="ulist"> <ul> <li> <p>verify with: <code>git verify-tag [-v]</code> or <code>git tag -v</code></p> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre>gpg: Signature made Wed Jun 15 10:56:46 2016 CEST using RSA key ID B7227189 gpg: Good signature from "Eris Discordia <discord@example.net>" gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature! gpg: There is no indication that the signature belongs to the owner. Primary key fingerprint: D4BE 2231 1AD3 131E 5EDA 29A4 6109 2E85 B722 7189 object 04b871796dc0420f8e7561a895b52484b701d51a type commit tag signedtag tagger C O Mitter <committer@example.com> 1465981006 +0000 signed tag signed tag message body</pre> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_commit_signatures">Commit signatures</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="ulist"> <ul> <li> <p>created by: <code>git commit -S</code></p> </li> <li> <p>payload: commit object</p> </li> <li> <p>embedding: header entry <code>gpgsig</code> (content is preceded by a space)</p> </li> <li> <p>example: commit with subject <code>signed commit</code></p> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre>tree eebfed94e75e7760540d1485c740902590a00332 parent 04b871796dc0420f8e7561a895b52484b701d51a author A U Thor <author@example.com> 1465981137 +0000 committer C O Mitter <committer@example.com> 1465981137 +0000 gpgsig -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- Version: GnuPG v1 $ iQEcBAABAgAGBQJXYRjRAAoJEGEJLoW3InGJ3IwIAIY4SA6GxY3BjL60YyvsJPh/ HRCJwH+w7wt3Yc/9/bW2F+gF72kdHOOs2jfv+OZhq0q4OAN6fvVSczISY/82LpS7 DVdMQj2/YcHDT4xrDNBnXnviDO9G7am/9OE77kEbXrp7QPxvhjkicHNwy2rEflAA zn075rtEERDHr8nRYiDh8eVrefSO7D+bdQ7gv+7GsYMsd2auJWi1dHOSfTr9HIF4 HJhWXT9d2f8W+diRYXGh4X0wYiGg6na/soXc+vdtDYBzIxanRqjg8jCAeo1eOTk1 EdTwhcTZlI0x5pvJ3H0+4hA2jtldVtmPM4OTB0cTrEWBad7XV6YgiyuII73Ve3I= =jKHM -----END PGP SIGNATURE----- signed commit signed commit message body</pre> </div> </div> <div class="ulist"> <ul> <li> <p>verify with: <code>git verify-commit [-v]</code> (or <code>git show --show-signature</code>)</p> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre>gpg: Signature made Wed Jun 15 10:58:57 2016 CEST using RSA key ID B7227189 gpg: Good signature from "Eris Discordia <discord@example.net>" gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature! gpg: There is no indication that the signature belongs to the owner. Primary key fingerprint: D4BE 2231 1AD3 131E 5EDA 29A4 6109 2E85 B722 7189 tree eebfed94e75e7760540d1485c740902590a00332 parent 04b871796dc0420f8e7561a895b52484b701d51a author A U Thor <author@example.com> 1465981137 +0000 committer C O Mitter <committer@example.com> 1465981137 +0000 signed commit signed commit message body</pre> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_mergetag_signatures">Mergetag signatures</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="ulist"> <ul> <li> <p>created by: <code>git merge</code> on signed tag</p> </li> <li> <p>payload/embedding: the whole signed tag object is embedded into the (merge) commit object as header entry <code>mergetag</code></p> </li> <li> <p>example: merge of the signed tag <code>signedtag</code> as above</p> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre>tree c7b1cff039a93f3600a1d18b82d26688668c7dea parent c33429be94b5f2d3ee9b0adad223f877f174b05d parent 04b871796dc0420f8e7561a895b52484b701d51a author A U Thor <author@example.com> 1465982009 +0000 committer C O Mitter <committer@example.com> 1465982009 +0000 mergetag object 04b871796dc0420f8e7561a895b52484b701d51a type commit tag signedtag tagger C O Mitter <committer@example.com> 1465981006 +0000 $ signed tag $ signed tag message body -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- Version: GnuPG v1 $ iQEcBAABAgAGBQJXYRhOAAoJEGEJLoW3InGJklkIAIcnhL7RwEb/+QeX9enkXhxn rxfdqrvWd1K80sl2TOt8Bg/NYwrUBw/RWJ+sg/hhHp4WtvE1HDGHlkEz3y11Lkuh 8tSxS3qKTxXUGozyPGuE90sJfExhZlW4knIQ1wt/yWqM+33E9pN4hzPqLwyrdods q8FWEqPPUbSJXoMbRPw04S5jrLtZSsUWbRYjmJCHzlhSfFWW4eFd37uquIaLUBS0 rkC3Jrx7420jkIpgFcTI2s60uhSQLzgcCwdA2ukSYIRnjg/zDkj8+3h/GaROJ72x lZyI6HWixKJkWw8lE9aAOD9TmTW9sFJwcVAzmAuFX2kUreDUKMZduGcoRYGpD7E= =jpXa -----END PGP SIGNATURE----- Merge tag 'signedtag' into downstream signed tag signed tag message body # gpg: Signature made Wed Jun 15 08:56:46 2016 UTC using RSA key ID B7227189 # gpg: Good signature from "Eris Discordia <discord@example.net>" # gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature! # gpg: There is no indication that the signature belongs to the owner. # Primary key fingerprint: D4BE 2231 1AD3 131E 5EDA 29A4 6109 2E85 B722 7189</pre> </div> </div> <div class="ulist"> <ul> <li> <p>verify with: verification is embedded in merge commit message by default, alternatively with <code>git show --show-signature</code>:</p> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre>commit 9863f0c76ff78712b6800e199a46aa56afbcbd49 merged tag 'signedtag' gpg: Signature made Wed Jun 15 10:56:46 2016 CEST using RSA key ID B7227189 gpg: Good signature from "Eris Discordia <discord@example.net>" gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature! gpg: There is no indication that the signature belongs to the owner. Primary key fingerprint: D4BE 2231 1AD3 131E 5EDA 29A4 6109 2E85 B722 7189 Merge: c33429b 04b8717 Author: A U Thor <author@example.com> Date: Wed Jun 15 09:13:29 2016 +0000 Merge tag 'signedtag' into downstream signed tag signed tag message body # gpg: Signature made Wed Jun 15 08:56:46 2016 UTC using RSA key ID B7227189 # gpg: Good signature from "Eris Discordia <discord@example.net>" # gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with a trusted signature! # gpg: There is no indication that the signature belongs to the owner. # Primary key fingerprint: D4BE 2231 1AD3 131E 5EDA 29A4 6109 2E85 B722 7189</pre> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sect1"> <h2 id="_git">GIT</h2> <div class="sectionbody"> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-text"> Last updated 2025-06-13 22:20:03 UTC </div> </div> </body> </html>
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