This is the file .../info/dir, which contains the topmost node of the Info hierarchy, called (dir)Top. The first time you invoke Info you start off looking at this node.  File: dir, Node: Top This is the top of the INFO tree This (the Directory node) gives a menu of major topics. Typing "q" exits, "H" lists all Info commands, "d" returns here, "h" gives a primer for first-timers, "mEmacs<Return>" visits the Emacs manual, etc. In Emacs, you can click mouse button 2 on a menu item or cross reference to select it. * Menu: Archiving * Cpio: (cpio). Copy-in-copy-out archiver to tape or disk. * Tar: (tar). Making tape (or disk) archives. Basics * Bash: (bash). The GNU Bourne-Again SHell. * Common options: (coreutils)Common options. * Coreutils: (coreutils). Core GNU (file, text, shell) utilities. * Date input formats: (coreutils)Date input formats. * Ed: (ed). The GNU line editor * File permissions: (coreutils)File permissions. Access modes. * Finding files: (find). Operating on files matching certain criteria. C++ libraries * autosprintf: (autosprintf). Support for printf format strings in C++. Compression * Gzip: (gzip). General (de)compression of files (lzw). Development * libext2fs: (libext2fs). The EXT2FS library. * libffi: (libffi). Portable foreign function interface library. DOS * Mtools: (mtools). Mtools: utilities to access DOS disks in Unix. Editors * nano: (nano). Small and friendly text editor. Emacs * IDN Library: (libidn)Emacs API. Emacs API for IDN functions. Encryption * Nettle: (nettle). A low-level cryptographic library. General Commands * Screen: (screen). Full-screen window manager. GNU Gettext Utilities * autopoint: (gettext)autopoint Invocation. Copy gettext infrastructure. * envsubst: (gettext)envsubst Invocation. Expand environment variables. * gettextize: (gettext)gettextize Invocation. Prepare a package for gettext. * gettext: (gettext). GNU gettext utilities. * ISO3166: (gettext)Country Codes. ISO 3166 country codes. * ISO639: (gettext)Language Codes. ISO 639 language codes. * msgattrib: (gettext)msgattrib Invocation. Select part of a PO file. * msgcat: (gettext)msgcat Invocation. Combine several PO files. * msgcmp: (gettext)msgcmp Invocation. Compare a PO file and template. * msgcomm: (gettext)msgcomm Invocation. Match two PO files. * msgconv: (gettext)msgconv Invocation. Convert PO file to encoding. * msgen: (gettext)msgen Invocation. Create an English PO file. * msgexec: (gettext)msgexec Invocation. Process a PO file. * msgfilter: (gettext)msgfilter Invocation. Pipe a PO file through a filter. * msgfmt: (gettext)msgfmt Invocation. Make MO files out of PO files. * msggrep: (gettext)msggrep Invocation. Select part of a PO file. * msginit: (gettext)msginit Invocation. Create a fresh PO file. * msgmerge: (gettext)msgmerge Invocation. Update a PO file from template. * msgunfmt: (gettext)msgunfmt Invocation. Uncompile MO file into PO file. * msguniq: (gettext)msguniq Invocation. Unify duplicates for PO file. * ngettext: (gettext)ngettext Invocation. Translate a message with plural. * xgettext: (gettext)xgettext Invocation. Extract strings into a PO file. GNU Libraries * libgomp: (libgomp). GNU Offloading and Multi Processing Runtime Library. * libquadmath: (libquadmath). GCC Quad-Precision Math Library GNU organization * Maintaining Findutils: (find-maint). Maintaining GNU findutils GNU Packages * Aspell: (aspell). GNU Aspell spelling checker GNU Utilities * dirmngr-client: (gnupg). X.509 CRL and OCSP client. * dirmngr: (gnupg). X.509 CRL and OCSP server. * gpg-agent: (gnupg). The secret key daemon. * gpg2: (gnupg). OpenPGP encryption and signing tool. * gpgsm: (gnupg). S/MIME encryption and signing tool. Individual utilities * Gawk Work Flow: (gawkworkflow)Overview. Participating in 'gawk' development. * aclocal-invocation: (automake)aclocal Invocation. Generating aclocal.m4. * addr2line: (binutils)addr2line. Convert addresses to file and line. * ar: (binutils)ar. Create, modify, and extract from archives. * arch: (coreutils)arch invocation. Print machine hardware name. * autoconf-invocation: (autoconf)autoconf Invocation. How to create configuration scripts * autoheader: (autoconf)autoheader Invocation. How to create configuration templates * autom4te: (autoconf)autom4te Invocation. The Autoconf executables backbone * automake-invocation: (automake)automake Invocation. Generating Makefile.in. * autoreconf: (autoconf)autoreconf Invocation. Remaking multiple `configure' scripts * autoscan: (autoconf)autoscan Invocation. Semi-automatic `configure.ac' writing * autoupdate: (autoconf)autoupdate Invocation. Automatic update of `configure.ac' * awk: (gawk)Invoking Gawk. Text scanning and processing. * b2sum: (coreutils)b2sum invocation. Print or check BLAKE2 digests. * base32: (coreutils)base32 invocation. Base32 encode/decode data. * base64: (coreutils)base64 invocation. Base64 encode/decode data. * basename: (coreutils)basename invocation. Strip directory and suffix. * basenc: (coreutils)basenc invocation. Encoding/decoding of data. * c++filt: (binutils)c++filt. Filter to demangle encoded C++ symbols. * cat: (coreutils)cat invocation. Concatenate and write files. * chcon: (coreutils)chcon invocation. Change SELinux CTX of files. * chgrp: (coreutils)chgrp invocation. Change file groups. * chmod: (coreutils)chmod invocation. Change access permissions. * chown: (coreutils)chown invocation. Change file owners and groups. * chroot: (coreutils)chroot invocation. Specify the root directory. * cksum: (coreutils)cksum invocation. Print POSIX CRC checksum. * cmp: (diffutils)Invoking cmp. Compare 2 files byte by byte. * comm: (coreutils)comm invocation. Compare sorted files by line. * config.status: (autoconf)config.status Invocation. Recreating configurations. * configure: (autoconf)configure Invocation. Configuring a package. * cp: (coreutils)cp invocation. Copy files. * csplit: (coreutils)csplit invocation. Split by context. * cut: (coreutils)cut invocation. Print selected parts of lines. * cxxfilt: (binutils)c++filt. MS-DOS name for c++filt. * date: (coreutils)date invocation. Print/set system date and time. * dd: (coreutils)dd invocation. Copy and convert a file. * df: (coreutils)df invocation. Report file system disk usage. * diff: (diffutils)Invoking diff. Compare 2 files line by line. * diff3: (diffutils)Invoking diff3. Compare 3 files line by line. * dir: (coreutils)dir invocation. List directories briefly. * dircolors: (coreutils)dircolors invocation. Color setup for ls. * dirname: (coreutils)dirname invocation. Strip last file name component. * dlltool: (binutils)dlltool. Create files needed to build and use DLLs. * du: (coreutils)du invocation. Report on disk usage. * echo: (coreutils)echo invocation. Print a line of text. * elfedit: (binutils)elfedit. Update ELF header and property of ELF files. * env: (coreutils)env invocation. Modify the environment. * expand: (coreutils)expand invocation. Convert tabs to spaces. * expr: (coreutils)expr invocation. Evaluate expressions. * factor: (coreutils)factor invocation. Print prime factors * false: (coreutils)false invocation. Do nothing, unsuccessfully. * find: (find)Invoking find. Finding and acting on files. * fmt: (coreutils)fmt invocation. Reformat paragraph text. * fold: (coreutils)fold invocation. Wrap long input lines. * groups: (coreutils)groups invocation. Print group names a user is in. * gunzip: (gzip)Overview. Decompression. * gzexe: (gzip)Overview. Compress executables. * head: (coreutils)head invocation. Output the first part of files. * hostid: (coreutils)hostid invocation. Print numeric host identifier. * hostname: (coreutils)hostname invocation. Print or set system name. * id: (coreutils)id invocation. Print user identity. * ifnames: (autoconf)ifnames Invocation. Listing conditionals in source. * install: (coreutils)install invocation. Copy files and set attributes. * join: (coreutils)join invocation. Join lines on a common field. * kill: (coreutils)kill invocation. Send a signal to processes. * libtool-invocation: (libtool)Invoking libtool. Running the 'libtool' script. * libtoolize: (libtool)Invoking libtoolize. Adding libtool support. * link: (coreutils)link invocation. Make hard links between files. * ln: (coreutils)ln invocation. Make links between files. * locate: (find)Invoking locate. Finding files in a database. * logname: (coreutils)logname invocation. Print current login name. * ls: (coreutils)ls invocation. List directory contents. * md5sum: (coreutils)md5sum invocation. Print or check MD5 digests. * mkdir: (coreutils)mkdir invocation. Create directories. * mkfifo: (coreutils)mkfifo invocation. Create FIFOs (named pipes). * mknod: (coreutils)mknod invocation. Create special files. * mktemp: (coreutils)mktemp invocation. Create temporary files. * mv: (coreutils)mv invocation. Rename files. * nice: (coreutils)nice invocation. Modify niceness. * nl: (coreutils)nl invocation. Number lines and write files. * nm: (binutils)nm. List symbols from object files. * nohup: (coreutils)nohup invocation. Immunize to hangups. * nproc: (coreutils)nproc invocation. Print the number of processors. * numfmt: (coreutils)numfmt invocation. Reformat numbers. * objcopy: (binutils)objcopy. Copy and translate object files. * objdump: (binutils)objdump. Display information from object files. * od: (coreutils)od invocation. Dump files in octal, etc. * paste: (coreutils)paste invocation. Merge lines of files. * patch: (diffutils)Invoking patch. Apply a patch to a file. * pathchk: (coreutils)pathchk invocation. Check file name portability. * pr: (coreutils)pr invocation. Paginate or columnate files. * printenv: (coreutils)printenv invocation. Print environment variables. * printf: (coreutils)printf invocation. Format and print data. * ptx: (coreutils)ptx invocation. Produce permuted indexes. * pwd: (coreutils)pwd invocation. Print working directory. * ranlib: (binutils)ranlib. Generate index to archive contents. * readelf: (binutils)readelf. Display the contents of ELF format files. * readlink: (coreutils)readlink invocation. Print referent of a symlink. * realpath: (coreutils)realpath invocation. Print resolved file names. * rm: (coreutils)rm invocation. Remove files. * rmdir: (coreutils)rmdir invocation. Remove empty directories. * runcon: (coreutils)runcon invocation. Run in specified SELinux CTX. * sdiff: (diffutils)Invoking sdiff. Merge 2 files side-by-side. * seq: (coreutils)seq invocation. Print numeric sequences * sha1sum: (coreutils)sha1sum invocation. Print or check SHA-1 digests. * sha2: (coreutils)sha2 utilities. Print or check SHA-2 digests. * shred: (coreutils)shred invocation. Remove files more securely. * shuf: (coreutils)shuf invocation. Shuffling text files. * size: (binutils)size. List section sizes and total size. * sleep: (coreutils)sleep invocation. Delay for a specified time. * sort: (coreutils)sort invocation. Sort text files. * split: (coreutils)split invocation. Split into pieces. * stat: (coreutils)stat invocation. Report file(system) status. * stdbuf: (coreutils)stdbuf invocation. Modify stdio buffering. * strings: (binutils)strings. List printable strings from files. * strip: (binutils)strip. Discard symbols. * stty: (coreutils)stty invocation. Print/change terminal settings. * sum: (coreutils)sum invocation. Print traditional checksum. * sync: (coreutils)sync invocation. Synchronize memory to disk. * tac: (coreutils)tac invocation. Reverse files. * tail: (coreutils)tail invocation. Output the last part of files. * tar: (tar)tar invocation. Invoking GNU 'tar'. * tee: (coreutils)tee invocation. Redirect to multiple files. * test: (coreutils)test invocation. File/string tests. * testsuite: (autoconf)testsuite Invocation. Running an Autotest test suite. * timeout: (coreutils)timeout invocation. Run with time limit. * touch: (coreutils)touch invocation. Change file timestamps. * tr: (coreutils)tr invocation. Translate characters. * true: (coreutils)true invocation. Do nothing, successfully. * truncate: (coreutils)truncate invocation. Shrink/extend size of a file. * tsort: (coreutils)tsort invocation. Topological sort. * tty: (coreutils)tty invocation. Print terminal name. * uname: (coreutils)uname invocation. Print system information. * unexpand: (coreutils)unexpand invocation. Convert spaces to tabs. * uniq: (coreutils)uniq invocation. Uniquify files. * unlink: (coreutils)unlink invocation. Removal via unlink(2). * updatedb: (find)Invoking updatedb. Building the locate database. * uptime: (coreutils)uptime invocation. Print uptime and load. * users: (coreutils)users invocation. Print current user names. * vdir: (coreutils)vdir invocation. List directories verbosely. * wc: (coreutils)wc invocation. Line, word, and byte counts. * who: (coreutils)who invocation. Print who is logged in. * whoami: (coreutils)whoami invocation. Print effective user ID. * windmc: (binutils)windmc. Generator for Windows message resources. * windres: (binutils)windres. Manipulate Windows resources. * xargs: (find)Invoking xargs. Operating on many files. * yes: (coreutils)yes invocation. Print a string indefinitely. * zcat: (gzip)Overview. Decompression to stdout. * zdiff: (gzip)Overview. Compare compressed files. * zforce: (gzip)Overview. Force .gz extension on files. * zgrep: (gzip)Overview. Search compressed files. * zmore: (gzip)Overview. Decompression output by pages. Internationalization and character sets * recode: (recode). Conversion between character sets and surfaces. Kernel * grub2-dev: (grub2-dev). The GRand Unified Bootloader Dev * grub2-install: (grub2)Invoking grub2-install. Install GRUB on your drive * grub2-mkconfig: (grub2)Invoking grub2-mkconfig. Generate GRUB configuration * grub2-mkpasswd-pbkdf2: (grub2)Invoking grub2-mkpasswd-pbkdf2. * grub2-mkrelpath: (grub2)Invoking grub2-mkrelpath. * grub2-mkrescue: (grub2)Invoking grub2-mkrescue. Make a GRUB rescue image * grub2-mount: (grub2)Invoking grub2-mount. Mount a file system using GRUB * grub2-probe: (grub2)Invoking grub2-probe. Probe device information * grub2-script-check: (grub2)Invoking grub2-script-check. * GRUB2: (grub2). The GRand Unified Bootloader Libraries * History: (history). The GNU history library API. * RLuserman: (rluserman). The GNU readline library User's Manual. * libgpg-error: (gnupg). Error codes and common code for GnuPG. Localization * idn: (libidn)Invoking idn. Internationalized Domain Name (IDN) string conversion. Miscellaneous * bc: (bc). An arbitrary precision calculator language. * dc: (dc). Arbitrary precision RPN "Desktop Calculator". Network applications * Wget: (wget). Non-interactive network downloader. * awkinet: (gawkinet). TCP/IP Internetworking With 'gawk'. Programming * flex: (flex). Fast lexical analyzer generator (lex replacement). Programming & development tools * gdbm_dump: (gdbm) gdbm_dump. Dump the GDBM database into a flat file. * gdbm_load: (gdbm) gdbm_load. Load the database from a flat file. * gdbmtool: (gdbm) gdbmtool. Examine and modify a GDBM database. * GDBM: (gdbm). The GNU database manager. Software development * As: (as). The GNU assembler. * Autoconf: (autoconf). Create source code configuration scripts. * Automake: (automake). Making GNU standards-compliant Makefiles. * Bfd: (bfd). The Binary File Descriptor library. * Binutils: (binutils). The GNU binary utilities. * Cpp: (cpp). The GNU C preprocessor. * Cpplib: (cppinternals). Cpplib internals. * Gas: (as). The GNU assembler. * Ld: (ld). The GNU linker. * Libtool: (libtool). Generic shared library support script. * Make: (make). Remake files automatically. * annobin: (annobin). Annotating a compiled program * bison: (bison). GNU parser generator (Yacc replacement). * g++: (gcc). The GNU C++ compiler. * gcc: (gcc). The GNU Compiler Collection. * gccinstall: (gccinstall). Installing the GNU Compiler Collection. * gccint: (gccint). Internals of the GNU Compiler Collection. * gcov: (gcc) Gcov. 'gcov'--a test coverage program. * gcov-dump: (gcc) Gcov-dump. 'gcov-dump'--an offline gcda and gcno profile dump tool. * gcov-tool: (gcc) Gcov-tool. 'gcov-tool'--an offline gcda profile processing program. * gprof: (gprof). Profiling your program's execution * lto-dump: (gcc) lto-dump. 'lto-dump'--Tool for dumping LTO object files. Software libraries * libidn: (libidn). Internationalized string processing library. System administration * Which: (which). Show full path of commands. * parted: (parted). GNU partitioning software Texinfo documentation system * info stand-alone: (info-stnd). Read Info documents without Emacs. Text creation and manipulation * Diffutils: (diffutils). Comparing and merging files. * Gawk: (gawk). A text scanning and processing language. * Gawk Work Flow: (gawkworkflow). Participating in 'gawk' development. * M4: (m4). A powerful macro processor. * grep: (grep). Print lines that match patterns. * sed: (sed). Stream EDitor.